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Periodic Properties are the properties of the elements that change predictably as you go across a period or down a group on the periodic table. | |
| If you know the properties of an element, you can predict quite successfully where it belongs in the periodic table. | ||
| Atomic Size |
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| The atomic radius is one half the distance between the nuclei of two like atoms in a diatomic molecule |
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| As you go down a group, you are adding another energy level to the atoms electron configuration. Therefore, as you go down a group in the periodic table, atomic radius increases. | ||
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As you go across a period in the periodic table, you are adding protons but not energy levels, therefore the pull of the protons on the outer electrons is getting stronger. Therefore, as you go across a period, atomic size decreases. | |
| Ionization Energy |
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| The ionization energy is the amount of energy required to take away 1 electron from the outer level of the atom. | ||
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| As you go down a group, the atoms are getting bigger, so the pull on the electrons by the protons if weakened. Therefore, the ionization energy decreases as you go down. | ||
| As you go across a period, the atoms are going from metals to nonmetals. Metals are more likely to lose electrons and non-metals want to gain electrons. Therefore, as you go across a period, ionization energy increases, meaning it gets more difficult to remove an electron from the atom. . | ||
| Electronegativity |
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Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to pull an electron to itself during bonding. | |
| As you go down a group, the atoms are getting bigger so the attraction for an electron is weakened. Therefore, the electronegativity decreases as you go down. |
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| As you go across a period, the atoms are going from metals to nonmetals. Nonmetals are more likely to attract electrons to themselves. therefore, electronegativity increases as you go across. However, noble gases have no electronegativity - they do not bond with other elements. Fluorine, the smallest halogen, has the highest electronegativity. | ||
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| Home | | Periodic Table & Elements | | Groups | | Periodic Properties | | Periodic Trends | |
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Created By: Mrs. D. M. Spering |
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